Franchising Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Diversifying Marketing - Essay Example Diversifying has been perceived as a fruitful plan of action prompting quickened development of the new store with nearby control of the establishment proprietors guaranteeing lesser money related dangers with remunerations related with neighborhood possession which requires lower level of management and economies of scale. The most broadly acknowledged meaning of an establishment alludes to an authoritative connection between a franchisee (generally taking type of an independent company) and a franchisor (normally a bigger business) where the previous consents to deliver or showcase an item or administration as per the outline formulated by the franchisor(Stanworth et al. 1995) The executives Structures: Franchising is basically characterized as far as the lawful business understanding between two accomplices, the franchisor and the franchisee. The franchisor, who has recently settled a market-tried business bundle of items or administrations, goes into a proceeding with legally binding relationship with various franchisees, regularly entrepreneurs, who must work their organizations as indicated by the franchisor's predetermined arrangement (Curran and Stanworth, 1983). The franchisor gives a demonstrated technique for activity, backing, and guidance on the setting up of the new franchisees, and furthermore ensures proceeding with help to the franchisee. Consequently, the franchisee pays a single amount participant expense and different charges for standard administrations (that is, eminence on deals, publicizing expenses, advertising demand) (Fulop and Forward, 1997). Diversifying has been embraced a development methodology for some organizations in busine ss with the coming of globalization. It is a unique in relation to other type of business. An establishment is a cross breed type of business portrayed by complex legally binding plans (Eisenhardt, 1989). Despite the fact that numerous establishments work among half and half and the progressive system (unified or hierarchical) firm and join both the diversified units just as the organization claimed outlets (Brickley and Dark, 1987) In a half and half activity, the franchisor screens and controls the franchisee inside the cutoff points indicated in the establishment understanding. Conversely, the franchisor works organization claimed outlets through their position over a concentrated administration or as a progressive association. The asset shortage hypothesis and the office hypothesis clarified the hypothesis of diversifying around the cross breed and chain of importance types of establishment association. Backing for the office hypothesis as a method of reasoning behind diversifying was generous. Examination found that the franchisee inspiration as a specialist was seen to be the most significant system of the establishment firms (Oxenfelt and Kelly, 1968-69) while the capital bit of leeway of diversifying, which was proposed by the asset shortage hypothesis, had a low affirmation by the franchisors (Lillis, Narayana and Gilman, 1976). The franchisee's high inspiration was most likely gotten from the idea of the establishment relationship. Diversifying includes a trade connection among franchisor and franchisee which was once in a while portrayed as an organization or key union (Stanworth and Kaufmann, 1996). The franchisee is just dealing with an outlet including the corporate procedure of the franchisor and partly has a level of independence in dealing with the outlet (Dant and Gundlach, 1998). Dissimilar to the organization possessed chief, the franchisee appreciates more reliance in maintaining the everyday business Franchisee and Franchisor: The

Stereotyping Women In The Media :: Gender Papers

Since forever when we consider ladies in the public arena we consider little and dainty. The present current depiction of ladies generalizations the female sex as being everything that most ladies are definitely not. Due to this portrayal, the attitude of ladies today is to be slim and to look a specific way. There are numerous difficulties with ladies needing to be a sure size. They experience physical and mental issues to attempt to defeat what they are not content with. On the planet, there are individuals who mention to us what size we ought to be and on the off chance that we are not that size we are not even worth anything. As a result of the manner in which ladies have been generalized in the media, there has been some dubious issues raised with respect to the way the world perspectives ladies. These issues are significant in light of the fact that they influence the manner in which we see ourselvesââ€"contributing in a negative method to how positive or negative our mental s elf view is. In the media there are individuals who see ladies a specific way, and on the off chance that we don't hold to the standard that we are not in the same class as other ladies who are the size the media says we must be. In an article it said that Huge ladies in America are to all plans and purposes imperceptible in the present slimness fixated culture. A major ladies is neither seen nor heard, and is characterized simply as far as her weight and others' preference. (Goodman standard 1) This is a hard thing for ladies that a heavier to comprehend on the grounds that they need the individual to believe that they are heard. This plays into the way that they think and the way that ladies take a gander at their bodies. You can see this occurrence with various kinds of TVs appears, which put on the act more slender ladies. For all intents and purposes the main TV programming that tends to her legitimately comprises of weight reduction promotions, the message: get in shape. You're not genuine ladies except if that is no joke). It is difficult to feel that this announcement could be valid, however 2

Important Facts About the Nicotine Inhaler

Important Facts About the Nicotine Inhaler Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking Print Nicotine Inhaler Use Pros and Cons By Terry Martin facebook twitter Terry Martin quit smoking after 26 years and is now an advocate for those seeking freedom from nicotine addiction. Learn about our editorial policy Terry Martin Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Sanja Jelic, MD on January 03, 2017 Sanja Jelic, MD, is board-certified in sleep medicine, critical care medicine, pulmonary disease, and internal medicine.   Learn about our Medical Review Board Sanja Jelic, MD Updated on January 18, 2020 CHASSENET / BSIP / Getty Images More in Addiction Nicotine Use How to Quit Smoking After You Quit Nicotine Withdrawal Smoking-Related Diseases The Inside of Cigarettes Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Coping and Recovery The nicotine inhaler is a form of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)??  that consists of a plastic cigarette-like tube that houses a replaceable nicotine cartridge and a mouthpiece. The cartridge contains 10 mg of nicotine. How the Nicotine Inhaler Is Used When a person  draws on the mouthpiece end of the nicotine inhaler, nicotine is released and absorbed through the membranes in the mouth and throat. Less than 5% of the inhaled nicotine reaches the respiratory tract.   Of the 10 mg of nicotine in a cartridge, 4 mg can be inhaled and 2 mg absorbed into the body. Each cartridge lasts about 20 minutes and delivers approximately  the same amount of nicotine as one cigarette. How Long Does Nicotine Inhaler Therapy Last? Your doctor will instruct you on a course of treatment??  thats right for you, but manufacturers typically recommend that ex-smokers start with a minimum of 6 nicotine cartridges a day for three to six weeks.  If needed, up to 16 cartridges can be used daily for up to 12 weeks.  After that, youll taper down the dosage gradually with the help of your doctor until youre weaned off of it completely. You should never use more than 16 cartridges in a 24 hour period. Where Can I Buy the Nicotine Inhaler? The nicotine inhaler is one of two types of nicotine replacement therapy  that requires a doctors prescription. The other is nicotine nasal spray. Can I Become Addicted to the Nicotine Inhaler? Yes, however, the risk of addiction is low due to how the nicotine is absorbed into the body.   Cigarettes deliver nicotine to the brain within seven seconds via the lungs, giving smokers a pleasurable hit of dopamine.  Dopamine is thought to be directly linked to the addictive process. The inhaler sends most of its nicotine into the bloodstream through the  mouth and throat and is much slower to reach the brain.  Ex-smokers dont receive a rush of dopamine and so the experience of using the inhaler is less gratifying.   It does deliver enough nicotine to take the edge off of nicotine withdrawal, however, which is what its meant to do. Nicotine Inhaler vs. E-cigarettes On the surface, the two are similar, but there are important differences between them. The nicotine inhaler uses therapeutic nicotine.  Therapeutic nicotine is manufactured under strict guidelines because it is regulated. This means that you can trust that the amount of nicotine advertised on the package is exactly what you are receiving. The nicotine inhaler and all NRTs have a physician-approved course of treatment  associated with it. While this isnt a guarantee that it will work or that you wont become dependent on it, it does offer guidelines for usage and has helped thousands of people quit tobacco. The electronic cigarette is not classified as a quit aid.  It is considered  a tobacco product, and a smoking alternative.   Up until 2016, the electronic cigarette was not a federally-regulated product either, so there were no checks and balances on the production of the nicotine solution or the delivery devices. The quantity of nicotine varied considerably, and consumers couldnt trust that what they were receiving was the same as what was advertised on packaging.   Federal regulation is in place now in the United States, so going forward, manufacturers will have to comply with standards of production, which will ultimately benefit consumers.  Federal regulation will also keep e-cigarettes out of the hands of kids under the age of 21. As of Dec. 20, 2019, the new legal age limit is 21 years old for purchasing cigarettes, cigars, or any other tobacco products in the U.S. The Food and Drug Administrations latest policy now requires e-cigarette companies to stop manufacturing and selling flavored vaping products (excluding menthol and tobacco) by the end of January 2020. The medical community and scientists agree that more research is needed on electronic cigarettes before a decision can be made about whether they  would be a safe and helpful quit aid. Common Side Effects of the Nicotine Inhaler Common side effects?? associated with the nicotine inhaler include: throat and/or mouth irritationcoughstomach upset Additionally, you might experience: change in tastesinus pain/pressurepain in the jaw, neck or backheadaches In rare instances, side effects can be serious. If you experience a rapid heart rate while using the nicotine inhaler, seek medical attention immediately. In addition, the nicotine inhaler can cause symptoms that fall outside of those listed here and below in the special precautions section. If you experience anything out of the ordinary while using this product, call your doctor. Special Precautions Consult your doctor before choosing the nicotine inhaler if:?? You are pregnant. Nicotine can be harmful to the fetus so you should try to quit without the use of an NRT if possible.Youve recently had a heart attack, have a heart condition, high blood pressure or problems with circulation.You have respiratory problems such as asthma, chronic bronchitis or emphysema.You have hyperthyroidism or insulin-dependent diabetes.You have kidney or liver disease. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are allergic to nicotine and share all other medications youre using, including vitamins and supplements. Signs of Nicotine Overdose Do not smoke while using the nicotine inhaler or any other NRT.  This could put you  at risk for a nicotine overdose.?? Signs of a nicotine overdose can include: dizzinessupset stomachbad headachesvomitingcold sweatsdroolingconfusionblurred visionhearing problemsweakness or fainting If you think youve had an overdose of nicotine, stop using the nicotine inhaler and call your doctor immediately. Pros and Cons of the Nicotine Inhaler As with most things, nicotine inhaler use has pros and cons. Pros The nicotine inhaler reduces symptoms of nicotine withdrawal by allowing ex-smokers to quit using nicotine gradually.   Cons The nicotine inhaler reinforces smoking behavior.When we quit smoking, it is counter-productive to use an NRT that mimics cigarettes both in looks and in how it is used. The risk of re-addiction. Because the nicotine inhaler is used on an as-needed basis, the potential to abuse this quit aid exists. While the risk isnt high for this particular NRT due to the lack of smoking satisfaction it delivers to ex-smokers, the risk isnt zero, either.  Take care to use this nicotine-based product exactly as prescribed, weaning off of it in the amount of time suggested. A Word From Verywell The nicotine inhaler  can help you quit smoking, but remember that it is a quit aid, not a miracle cure. The magic for success with smoking cessation lies within you, not a product. Work on developing the resolve to quit smoking one simple day at a time and be patient. Time, determination and support will help you win this race. Believe that, believe in yourself and be willing to do the work it takes to quit for as long as it takes. Youll find that you can quit smoking, just as others have.

Declaration of Independence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 268 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/09/24 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Independence Essay Revolution Essay Did you like this example? PART I The Declaration of Independence is considered by many to be the finest piece of political prose ever written. It can be seen as a document in five parts: the introduction, the preamble, the denunciation of George III, the denunciation of the British people, and the conclusion. We are going to closely examine the first three as a way to understand how Jeffersons rhetorical strategies serves the political aims of the young colonies. The introduction consists of the first paragraph, which is a single long sentence (periodic sentence for those who will do well in May). Read the first paragraph and come up with two reasons why Jefferson would frame the introduction in the way he did. Reason I Seen within its original context, however, it is a model of subtlety, nuance, and implication that works on several levels of meaning and allusion to orient readers toward a favorable view of America and to prepare them for the rest of the Declaration. Textual Support From its op ening phrase, which sets the American Revolution within the whole course of human events, to its assertion that the Laws of Nature and of Natures God entitle America to a separate and equal station among the powers of the earth, to its quest for sanction from the opinions of mankind, the introduction elevates the quarrel with England from a petty political dispute to a major event in the grand sweep of history. It dignifies the Revolution as a contest of principle and implies that the American cause has a special claim to moral legitimacyall without mentioning England or America by name. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Declaration of Independence" essay for you Create order

The Terrible Corruption Of The Medieval Church - 1930 Words

In other words, the Pardoner preached his sermons on greed as to guilt those who listened into being more generous with their money so he could satisfy his own greed. Chaucer gave this excellent example of the terrible corruption of the medieval Church in Canterbury Tales. The Middle Ages spanned from the fall of the Roman Empire in 476 AD through the beginning of the Renaissance. This was a period of great hypocrisy and darkness within the Church and its leaders. The corruption of the Church during the Middle Ages can be studied by exploring the effects of the Black Plague, the resulting corruption within the church, the unbiblical practices that came about, and those who recognized the corruption and fought to expose it. Problems: The†¦show more content†¦Perpetrators: Throughout history, there have been many popes who have promoted these unethical practices. Pope Boniface VIII is one of the most well-known corrupted popes. After making his way up to the position of pope in 1294, Boniface began his tyrannical leadership. He was in favor of papal authority which was the belief that the pope has ultimate authority over the whole church and can exercise it unhindered at any time (Bonsor, Roos). He also felt that he was the supreme authority over not just the church, but over the emperor as well. Boniface abused his power, waging wars, leading conquests, and collecting riches for himself. He also feuded for many years with King Philip IV because he believed the church should not be taxed. Dante Alighieri, an Italian poet, was a personal enemy of Boniface because he believed that the emperor and pope should share equally distributed power between them. He also condemned Boniface’s participation in simony. Later, Boniface’s careless actions resulted in Dante’s exile; therefore, Dante reserved a place for Pope Boniface VIII in the eighth circle of hell in his work Inferno for his disgraceful acts against him and the church. In addition to the damage Pope Boniface VIII caused the medieval church, Pope Alexander VI further contributed to the Church’s downfall.Show MoreRelatedSpain: Then and Now Essay783 Words   |  4 PagesCartagena as capital. In the Punic war the Roman army defeats Hannibal and the Carthaginian Empire is inhibited. (It is actually said they ground the stones of Carthage). By the 1st century Roman rule was complete. But this was not an entirely terrible thing, Rome brought, as they did to many colonies both peace and prosperity. But in Spain the most lasting legacy of the Romans would be the introduction of Christianity to Spain. In the 5th century the Germanic tribes sweeping from the northRead MorePower Corrupts and Absolute Power Corrupts Absolutely1475 Words   |  6 Pagesindividuals say that power does not corrupt, it only attracts the corruptible. However, to judge fairly, past and current events accurately depict the ideology that power corrupts absolutely, and has convinced me, that its meaning holds true. Ivan the Terrible of Russia, Louis XIV of France, Henry the Second of the Roman Empire, Katherine the Great, Joseph Stalin, Mao Zedong, Adolf Hitler – these names all frame some of the most dictating and ruthless leaders in history whom have reigned with tyrannyRead MoreWitch Hunts of the Early Modern Period as the Result of Religious and Social Upheaval1075 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant event that took place in the years spanning 1520-1650. 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Source 1-Written by a monk from Malmesbury in Wiltshire, in the 1350s: In 1348, at about the feast of the Translation of St Thomas the Martyr (7 July) the cruel pestilence, hateful to all future ages, arrived from the countries acrossRead MoreThe Death Of The Black Death1487 Words   |  6 Pages people began to catch a terrible sickness that was spreading along Mongol trade routes through central Asia to both china and Western Europe. This sickness was called the bubonic plague. The bacteria was infecting people when infected fleas bit them. Bubonic plague was one of the most feared diseases pf the ancient and medieval worlds. 2.City-states led to The renaissance in Italy: Renaissance society first took shape within the merchant cities of late medieval Italy. 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In Medieval England, the Black Death killed 1.5 million people out of an estimated 4 million people between 1348 and 1350. There was no medical knowledge in England to cope with the disease. After 1350, it stroke England another six times by the end of theRead MoreThe Middle Ages Gain So Much Fame And Admiration From Others1916 Words   |  8 Pageshad this in mind when writing his most important piece of work, ‘The Canterbury Tales’ and his other pieces of work that gained him the title as the father of English literature . Chaucer’s wrote the tales in the fourteenth century to dwell upon medieval society and to retell what society was going through at the time. His early live doings and experiences, society and influences led to the importance of his writing. He retold the imperfections that affected society in the fourteenth century. Read MoreWhat Were The Conditions Created During The Later Middle Ages Which Laid The Groundwork For The Reformation? Essay1886 Words   |  8 Pageshumanism and science The Protestant Reformation took place in Europe, beginning in the 14th century. It was the movement in which the church established a new branch of Christianity; Protestantism. The Reformation was caused by the Western Schism, Renaissance and Clerical Corruption. Reformers such as Martin Luther, John Calvin and Henry VIII challenged the Pope and church as to whether they could sufficiently define Christian practice. They argued over religious and political distribution of power andRead MoreKing Arthur Literary Analysis3547 Words   |  15 Pagespoverty and disease, Arthurian legend was needed to lift the spirits of the hopeless. Arthurian Romance is an accurate portrayal of the time period better known as the Medieval Ages because it takes the woes and misfortunate events of that time and twists them into a heroic soap opera full of love, tragedy, and triumph. The Medieval Ages began around 476 AD, when the Roman emperor of the West abdicated. The period ends in the late fifteenth century with the discovery of the New World. During this

The Justice And Injustice Of Kill A Mockingbird And 12...

The Justice and Injustice in To Kill A Mockingbird and 12 Angry Men The novel To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee and the film 12 Angry Men by Reginald Rose have many similarities and differences in relation to the theme of justice and injustice. The purpose of this essay is to explore these similarities and differences and find more in depth meaning to these two texts. In both To Kill A Mockingbird and 12 Angry Men, Atticus and Juror No. 8 abstain from commonly held prejudice views and try to uphold justice fairly. In the novel, it deals with the fact that it is a black man s word over a white s and in the film it also has a theme of prejudice as the boy is criticised because of where he lives. Justice did not prevail in To Kill A Mockingbird, where as this was the case in 12 Angry Men where justice was served. Throughout this essay I will highlight some literary techniques and elements such as characters, theme, metaphors, hyperboles and irony. In both To Kill A Mockingbird and 12 Angry Men, Atticus and Juror No.8 uphold justice fairly by avoiding commonly held prejudice views. In 12 Angry Men Juror No.8 started out as the only man in the jury that had any second thoughts about the boys guilt, even though the rest of the jury voted guilty. He, much like Atticus, looked at the evidence rationally and found holes in that evidence which he pointed out to the rest of the jury. In To Kill A Mockingbird Atticus stood up for Tom Robinson, not just that, he fought for Tom sShow MoreRelatedJustice In Reginald Roses 12 Angry Men1532 Words   |  7 Pagesan individual has on justice, and the truth that they personally seek, are the deciding factors in determining what the true meaning of righteousness is for an individual. The perspective of justice a person has however is not the only factor that comes into play, when establishing whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. The play, ‘12 angry men’, written by Reginald Rose, is a drama involved around a jury and a homicide case. In comparison, the movie, ‘To kill a mockingbird’, directed by RobertRead MoreJustice vs Revenge1325 Words   |  6 PagesJustice is part of revenge; as also for revenge is part of justice. â€Å"Justice† comes from a Latin word that means â€Å"straight, fair, equal†, it’s the quality of being righteous and loyal towards one’s state, although serves the interests of the stronger (Hourani, 1962), while revenge is the act of taking retaliation for injuries or wrongs. What ever the circumstances are being the individual who experiences a unjust act, results in the hunt for one of these two things: Justice or revenge. What are theRead MoreJem Character Analysis1101 Words   |  5 PagesWho was Jeremy (Jem) Finch or in other words, who had he become towards the end of the novel? In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, Jem was one of the most important character throughout the novel.In my perspective, Jem was a noble and brave kid and grew up way too fast for his age. In the beginning of the novel, he was barely 10 years old and in the end, he was nearly 13 years old. He had experienced difficult life time events that changed his life and he understood how life was backRead MoreJasper Jones Study Guide6848 Words   |  28 Pages...................... 10 Race and Ethnicity................................................................................................................................. 11 To Kill a Mockingbird (TKAM)................................................................................................................ 12 Australian Culture ................................................................................................................................. 14 Language and Narrative Technique

Bioethics Essay free essay sample

Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patients cells instead of using drugs or surgery. The science and the history of this subs etc help doctors to use it in the future. Also, there are many pros and cons of using gene therapy. Opinions and the predicted future of this form of bio technology are very strong and very weak. The science of gene therapy starts with the scientists of 1 985, hoping to cure s mom diseases.A four-year Old girl became the first gene therapy patient on Septet err 14, 1990 at the NIH Clinical Center. She has adenosine dominate (DAD) deficiency, a genetic disease which leaves her defenseless against infections. The type of technique uses used for gene e therapy are divided into two categories, somatic cell therapy, and gremlin therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Bioethics Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soma tic cell therapy(most of the cells of the body) is viewed as a more conservative, safer approach because it affects only the targeted cells in the patient, and is not passed on to future g enervation.Gremlin therapy is a gene is inserted into the DNA of the gremlin cells (egg or sperm) so that he offspring of the patient will have the inserted gene. The DNA is being inject Ted with a cure, kind of, to get rid of that specific disease. Swiss physician Frederica Miseries found a weak acid in the nuclei of white bal DOD cells, but he actually was the first person to encounter DNA. A forayer old girl became the first gene therapy patient on September 14, 1990 at the NIH Clinical Center. She has ad noise dominate (DAD) deficiency, a genetic disease which leaves her defenseless against infect ions.Before that, in January 1944, it was discovered that a gene can be transferred from one cell I to another. Then n January Of 1 954, it was discovered that viruses can be used to help transfer one gene from one cell to another. In 1970, it was attempted for the first time to do gene therapy y on a hope and the therapy ended up being successful. There are many pros of using this technique. It is possible that gene therapy c an cure diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, many type of cancer, or Parkinson disease. I t has several advantages over drug therapy, like providing a cure rather than just tranquility e the symptoms.Gene therapy is the only help for curing diseases, unless there is some found cure for that certain disease. Gene therapy will revolutionize the practice of medicine. The role of doctors and patients will be changing in the coming years, and it will all be due to gene the rape. This technique has the ability to cure many of the diseases that have affected our society for years. There are also many cons to this use of gene therapy. The lack Of understands nag of the treatment and how it works could be very bad.By not knowing what gene the rape can do(effect it might have on the patient), it could harm someone, (likely or not likely). That would lead to a bad reputation and no one would ever let a doctor use gene therapy on them. If doctors want the gene therapy to have long term effects, then more research needs to be done . There is no guarantee that the vector carrying the good gene, will end up in the right place e. That might cause more damage to the genetic make up and cause the disease to grow, spread, or worse. Drug therapy, although only palliating the manifestation, has been tried and deem d safer than gene therapy. Perhaps the most important idea to take away from gene therapy is that prep active genetic testing represents just a tiny bit of knowledge about an extremely complex us object: our genetic makeup. Scientists had hoped that the complete human genome would quickly lead us into an age of individualized medicine: Doctors could perform tests to assess genetic risks for common (and monotonous) diseases; determine whether a patient was vulnerable t o certain environmental factors, including cigarette smoke and air pollution; and deter mine what drugs would work best for a patient with the fewest harmful side effects.Although we havent yet reached the age of individualized medicine, a growing number of predictive g emetic tests can save lives and Influence lifestyle decisions; however, the value of these tests v rises because most have uncertain predictive value. Really don t have an opinion on gene therapy, i agree with it, but then i disagree e. I agree with it because it can prevent child ren from dying prematurely from a disease .

Interpretive Journey Paper Essay Example

Interpretive Journey Paper Paper The government that we live under today was founded on principles that originated with serving God and not the pagan roots of the empirical Roman government. In many ways the difference between their town and our town are not too great. Christians are still called to live their lives differently from the way non-believers live. The moral and ethical requirements that come with living for God are the same as those of early Christians. Pewters message to live humbly before God, trusting in His power is still as relevant in the twenty-first Century as it was in the first. The meaning of this text can be summarized as, because God cares for me, I need to humbly endure the trials am going through without worrying about the outcome and when the time is right He will reward me for my willing service. Step 3 Cross the Principles Bridge What are the principles that the Author is giving. There are three principles in 1 Peter 5:6, 7: 1. We are to live humbly, despite the difficulties of this present life, acknowledging that God has the plan and the power to make it come to pass in our lives. 2. Because He cares for us, God will lift up those who suffer for Him when the time is right according to His plan and purpose. 3. Because God has a plan and the power to enforce that plan, we should through all our anxiety on Him. Living humbly is the recognition that am not capable of fixing the things that make the Christian life tough to live, only God has that ability. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpretive Journey Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Interpretive Journey Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Interpretive Journey Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Right to Choose essays

Right to Choose essays In America, we are blessed to have many freedoms. Freedoms of expression and freedom of speech among many others. We have been privileged to choose and decide many things for our benefit also. I think included with the right to choose should be a woman's right to decide whether or not she wants to have a baby. Abortion should be a woman's choice. It should also be limited to restrain the abuse of its practice. There are many woman that have to decide whether or not to continue with their family's expansion by having their baby. There are many situations when woman face important decisions. From religion beliefs to professional needs, there are reasons why a woman decides to have an abortion. This decision however, helps her to end with a situation that could change the way she lives her life. The changes are very different in every case. Two of the many reasons why a woman decides to have an abortion is because they could not afford the baby (twenty one percent) and the matching second reason is because they were not ready for the responsibility (twenty one percent). Abortion ends a pregnancy before birth takes place. When an embryo of fetus dies in the uterusand is expelled by the body, it is called a spontaneous abortion. After twenty weeks of pregnancy a spontaneous abortion is also called a "miscarriage." When a woman decides to end her pregnancy voluntarily, she has an induced abortion. There are different ways of conducting an abortion. The decision of an abortion should be taken between the mother and her doctor. Approximately eight eight percent of all induced abortions are performed during the first trimester of the pregnancy. In fact, more than half are performed within the first two months of pregnancy. Tese abortions are usually performed at a clinic, health center, or in a doctor's office, and women are usually able to return home am hour or so later. I believe that an abortion is not agai...

Implementation of Balance Score Card (BSC) Essay

Implementation of Balance Score Card (BSC) - Essay Example Balance Score Card (BSC) is a framework for measuring performance on strategic level and accounts both financial and non financial measures (Banker, Chang, and Pizzini. 2011). BSC, since introduced by Kaplan and Norton in the early 1990s, has been adopted by large number of organizations. It is called BSC as it attempts to balance between short and long term goals while maintaining balance between financial and non financial variable (Kalpan, 2010). Proponents of BSC claim that it has many beneficial features that makes it preferred choice; such as connecting vision with strategy and activities down the hierarchy; cause and effect relationship of performance drivers with outcome etc (Chavan, 2009). Other feature that makes it most advocated is the fact of providing performance measurement and goal oriented guidance by combining variables or perspectives (2GC Limited, 2011). With agreement on benefits BSC offers to organization, fact remains that due benefit from BSC can only be avail ed based on appropriate and well thought implementation and there has been considerable debate on the implementation of BSC. This paper is also aimed to investigate and analyze success or failure of BSC that can be attributed to the appropriate implementation. Followed by introduction is the literature review of past academic studies done in the selected domain. Research methodology contains information related to method adopted to address the selected question. Analysis section provides analysis of the case studies selected to address the aim of this research. Finally, conclusion provides response to the question based on evidence collected in analysis section. LITERATURE REVIEW There is immense literature available on the BSC from various perspectives. This section will draw some relevant literature to BSC, its implementation with its proponents and critics. The section will also draw references related to implementation phase and cause implementation failure. Variation in studies are present that discussed increase in the adoption BSC due to the benefits it offers while others revealed firm’s decision of not adopting BSC due to less benefit it offers in proportion to the efforts required to implement it (Cardinaels, Paula, and Veen-Dirks. 2010). BSC has also undergone critical evaluation of assumptions on which it is built; such as managers’ capacity to link strategy to operational matrices in different departments and levels and issues related to designing BSC related to the respective organization etc (Geuser, Mooraj, and Oyon. 2009). Hence, discussion from various perspectives to explore possible deviation (Neely, 2005) while each aspect, directly or indirectly, referred to the factors that lead or hamper successful implementation of BSC. PEA, for instance, suggested complete procedure to develop balance score card to meet the challenges posed by other performance measurement in procurement organizations. It provided detailed guidance for a ll four perspectives including customer, financial, internal business processes and learning and growth perspective. It was also aimed to develop a model that allows comparability among various organizations along with providing a comprehensive performance measurement system (as given in image below (Procurement Executives’ Association, 2000). Hence, BSC shall be devised with adaptability to the nature and size of the firm (Rompho, 2011). Richardson (2004) provided six elements to be employed for the successful implementation of balance score card. These six elements include: first, development of strategy; second, involvement of strategic management and feedback from other management level of the new strategy; third, development of balance score card and its vision while both being aligned with vision of organization; fourth, implementation of balance score card performance measurement systems all around the organization and each level; fifth, communicating and educating the objective of BSC to employees and lastly

Balanced Scorecard, Costing System, and Production Costs Assignment

Balanced Scorecard, Costing System, and Production Costs - Assignment Example For firms which do not have a centralized operation, an essential requirement for them is responsibility centers which include cost centers, revenue centers, investment centers, and profit centers. The performance monitoring measures for these centers are standard cost, divisional profit and return on investment. The transfer price here is the amount that division A of a company charges to division B of the same company for a product transferred. Accounting systems act as critical support systems for managerial decision making in different organizations. Selecting a new market for a product is a critical strategic management decision which is done by suitable evaluation of costs and benefits. This involves the evaluation of the financial and accounting aspects of an organization as well. The financial variability and the system of cost allocation along with an evaluation of financial resources, activities, and capabilities are to be considered while selecting a target market for expa nding into or for launching new or existing products. Important factors like the time factors, employee performance and employee perception, costs factors, and performance of the organizations can be suitably evaluated through the use of the accounting systems in an organization. The financial information provided by the accounting systems like profit levels, sales growth, returns and other non-financial information like customer satisfaction levels, the performance of the competitors, customer loyalty and competing products act as a support system for managerial decision making for launching a new product into a market including the selection of an entry market. The reverse income analysis is used as a part of accounting to evaluate the capital budgeting aspects of the launch of a product into a new market. The managerial decisions which involve the investments done by an organization in real assets are the most important managerial decisions in terms of economic value creation. The capital investments are done by a business in new and existing projects including investing in building new plants, buying machinery, launching new products etc. are critical for deciding the economic future of a business.  

Impact of Corporate Governance on Capital Investment

Impact of Corporate Governance on Capital Investment Introduction Overview Through various studies over the years, different scholars and financial analysts have been able to establish a relationship of cash flow on firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment spending. It was significantly proven by (Modigliani Miller, 1958) that a firmâ„ ¢ financial status is irrelevant for real investment decisions in a world of perfect and complete capital markets, after controlling for the cost of capital. In case of managerial discretion, based on (Jensen, 1986) free cash flow theory, firms increase investment (including projects with negative present value) based on the availability of cash flows with incentive of increasing firmsâ„ ¢ value beyond level of optimal investment. Moreover, an agency costs also appreciate the borrower net worth by charging a premium on the external financing. The discussion above explains that the firmsâ„ ¢ investment decisions are dependent on the availability of internal funds, as cost advantage over external fund is evident. While choosing an appropriate capital structure, there are certain trade-offs which affects the decision. These trade-offs include tax advantage through acquiring debt against the bankruptcy cost which advocates the use of equity. Keeping this in view, various different models have been supported to explain this corporate capital structure behavior. Pecking Order Theory, initially mitigated by (Donaldson, 1961) describes the financing practice as prioritizing the means of financing, which is necessary for the management to counter against asymmetric information. Either they should generate the funds internally or acquire funds externally through debt rather than equity. Implications to the pecking order theory involves the positive impact of leveraging on the market price, which means, financing through debt sends a positive signal into the market about the firmâ„ ¢ future prospects. Furthermore, intermediaries also undermine the role of management as the financial intermediaries such as investment banks function as the insider to the firm. Consequently, keeping an eye on the firms operations and influencing the firmâ„ ¢ capital financing decision. However, Pecking order theory of (Myers, 1984) argues that the firms operating in imperfect or incomplete capital markets where the cost of external capital exceeds that of internal funds, the financial structure may be appropriate to the investment decisions of companies facing uncertain prospects. Gauging the level of corporate investment in any firm is based on the corporate governance; market position of a firmâ„ ¢ asset against its book value can be termed as Tobinâ„ ¢ q ratio. Identified by (Chung Pruitt, 1994), Tobinâ„ ¢ q as the ratio of a market value of a firm to the replacement cost of its assets. Tobinâ„ ¢ q can be considered an effective tool for determining financial performance as the data can be collected readily from a balance sheet. When calculating Tobinâ„ ¢ q ratio, the replacement cost can be determined approximately by the book value of firmâ„ ¢ plant and equipment. Approximate q can be replaced with the actual Tobinâ„ ¢ q to make the calculations unproblematic and data can be readily available without any discrepancies. Problem Statement To study the impact of corporate governance on the capital investment decision through cash flow and Tobinâ„ ¢ q interaction in relation with Capital Investment HypothesEs H0: Firms with investment spending that is influenced by cash flow will be associated with high Q values. In fact, the equilibrium level of Q for these firms will be larger than one. (FCF Theory) HA: Firms indicating a liquidity constraint by not paying dividends will have the most significant cash flow/investment relationship, and will be associated with high Q values in the market. (PO Theory) Outline of the study The report contains the contemplation of research data that will study the phenomenon of cash flows and investment discussed earlier in this paragraph. The study categorizes firms according to characteristics (such as dividend payout, size) which will help measure the level of constraints faced by firms. The study will help readers to understand the complexities of Pecking order theory and Free Cash Flows concept with regard to asymmetric information available and corporate governance which influences decision of the firms. To measure the effect that cash flow-financed capital spending and Q has on firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment, Ordinary Least Square Regression model will be used to estimate the function. To compute the influence on the Investment, instruments used are: (1) Cash Flow, (2) Approximate q, and (3) an interaction of both variables are created. Through studying the parameter estimates of interaction variable, positive influence on investment will support the Pecking Order hypothesis and negative influence will govern the Free Cash Flow hypothesis. The equation hypothesized in the next part is linear. Definitions Pecking Order Theory: (Myers, 1984): A firm is said to follow a pecking order if it prefers internal to external financing and debt to equity if external financing is used. Free Cash Flow Theory According to (Jensen, 1986) free cash flow theory, high cash flow and low debt create agency costs associated with conflicts between manager and share holder over the payout of this free cash, which is the cash left after the firm has invested in all available positive net present value projects. Capital Structure A careful and systematic analysis of how claims against a corporations assets can or should be determined, assessed, and accounted for. (Riahi-Belkaoui, 1999) Capital Investment Decision Capital Investment decisions are those decisions that involve current outlay in return for a stream of benefit in future years. (Drury, 2006) Tobinâ„ ¢ q Tobins q is a measure of investors expectations concerning a firms future profit potential. It is defined as the ratio of the market value of a firm to the replacement cost of its assets. (Strecker, 2009) Literature Review (Vogt, 1994) explained the capital spending behavior of companies with respect to change in dividend cash paid, cash flows, sales, and market value of assets. The regression equation models the variables to proportion of fixed assets, and distributes the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ data in segments of Dividend Payout Groups and Asset Groups. Primarily, Dividend Cash has a strong negative impact on capital spending; it explains that in order to finance additional fixed investment firm needs to sock cash by reducing their dividend. Cash flow, Sales, and Q Ratio having a positive coefficient demonstrates that with an increase in future cash flows, the firm will improve its capital spending. (Cleary, 1999) has developed a relationship between the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment decision and the firmâ„ ¢ financial status. Financial status has been studied with respect to the liquidity constraints. The data is classified into groups through a discriminant analysis on basis of dividend payout policy. These groups helped identify which firms are more prone to be financially constrained and the results showed that firms having high credit worthiness are significantly more sensitive to the availability of internal funds than that are less credit worthy. It has been proposed that the various ownership structures make managerial decision based on the interaction between investment and the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ liquidity constraints. The study conducted by (Dedoussis Papadaki, 2010) mentioned that the management can be held separate from its ownership, even on basis of the nationality of the company. On the other hand, it also explained that the relative shareholding of CEO and the controlling shareholders can also be the basis of separation. Findings support that the Low Q, small, and new firms under the generalized model are facing asymmetric information problems. Indeed these firms are expected a priori to face financing problems that affect the cost of their external financing. On the other hand, low Q, old and low dividend firms are more likely to face managerial discretion problems that result to over-investment. The impact of Tobinâ„ ¢ Q is mainly used to determine the investment opportunity of the firm. In this article, marginal Tobinâ„ ¢ Q has been taken to evaluate the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment and Research Development expenditures. Under the asymmetric information (AI) hypothesis firms with attractive investment opportunities may be unable to finance them because of inadequate internal cash flows and because the cost of external funds is too high due to the capital markets ignorance of the firms investment opportunities. The agency or managerial discretion (MD) hypothesis links investment to cash flows by assuming that managers obtain financial and psychological gains from managing a large and growing firm and thus invest beyond the point that maximizes shareholder wealth. (Gugler, Mueller, Yurtoglu, 2004) Taking in viewpoint the impact of capital structure on the capital investment decision, firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ investment demands is the more susceptible towards cost-of-capital or tax-based capital incentive. Whereas, capital structure seems irrelevant as against internal sources of funds can be effectively substituted with sources of funds generated externally. (Fazzari, Hubbard, Peterson, Blinder, Poterba, 1988) explicates that cash flow/investment relationship is more sensitive when taken in reference with firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ dividend behavior. Comparison based on firms having more or less liquidity constraints can be further improved when compared on a division based on the scale of the firms, i.e. young or small firms versus large ones. This way the researchers can address the problem of firms lacking the asymmetric information. Research Methods The chapter explains the model used in the given research study. The study focuses on analyzing the influence of Cash Flows and Tobinâ„ ¢ q on Corporate Investment. The equation representation consists of the proportion of capital spending to the beginning-of-periods net fixed asset (I/K) as a function of: (1) cash flow divided by beginning-of-period gross fixed asset (CF/K), and (2) beginning-of-period Tobins q (Q). Method of Data Collection Main source of collecting the required data is from secondary sources. It includes the Balance Sheet Analysis of Joint Stock Company listed in Karachi Stock Exchange provided by State Bank of Pakistan consisting of data of our relevant variables. The data was taken in annual terms to conduct this research. Sampling Technique The Convenience sampling or grab or opportunity sampling would be use in this research. Sample population selected because it is readily available and convenient. Sample Size The sample period taken under study covers 8-years period beginning at the start of 2000 and ending at the close of 2008. The data was taken from a sample of 70 (non-banking and non-financial) companies which are listed on Karachi Stock Exchange and included in KSE-100 index. Research Model Statistical technique Ordinary Least Square Regression technique is used to study the impact of variables included in the study. It helps studies the relationship between a dependent variable and several independent variable. It also assumes the relationship to be linear or ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"straight line,ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€š? where the values of predictors lies directly proportional to Criterion variable. SPSS Software is used to develop the regression model and evaluate the influence of predictors on dependent variable. Results Findings and interpretation of results Aggregate Sample: Table : Represents the model summary of regression estimates for the full sample of 69 firms The predictors, i.e. main effects of Cash Flow and Tobinâ„ ¢ q and an interaction term of both, included in the model helps explain 78.5% of Investment (Table 1) shown mentioned as R Square. Least variation in Adjusted R Square suggests that the variable to observation ratio in the given model is sufficient. Casewise diagnostic was also conducted to eliminate the outliers in the data to improve the results. Table : Studies the F-statistics to test whether the model predicts the dependent variable significantly The F-statistics (Table 2) is significant and it determines the regression model with the given predictors can significantly predict the outcomes at a 0.05 significance level. Table : The parameter estimation for full sample of 69 firms with respect to dependent variable, t-statistics is used to test the null hypothesis ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 = 0 The coefficient values of all predators included in the test are significant at a 0.05 significant level (Table 3), which shows that they have a strong influence on the investment of the firm. The standard coefficient shows that Cash Flows have a much greater impact on Investment than market value on the firm, which is exemplified through Tobinâ„ ¢ q. Dividend Payout groups: Table : Presents the sample statistics for 69 KSE listed (non-banking and non-financial) companies which are included in the KSE-100 index. The three rows distribute the statistics into High, Medium, and Low payout policies. Average dividend-to-income ratios of greater than 0.35, between 0.35 and 0.10, and less than 0.10 define High, Low, and Medium dividend-payout firms, respectively. While studying the dividend-payout groups (Table 4), the descriptive helps to identify characteristics to confirm whether the data being studied has the authenticity and the behavior pattern which commonly related to the groups assigned. The values of Investment, Cash Flow, and Tobinâ„ ¢ q associated with the groups are in complete correspondence with the hypothetical occurrence. Firms having a higher (lower) dividend payout have greater (lower) market value, and lower(higher) level of cash flows and investments. Table : Represents the model summary of regression estimates of 69 firms split by High, Medium, and Low dividend-payout policies. The model helps explains 81.9%, 66.7%, and 80% data in High, Medium, and Low dividend-payout firms (Table 5), shown in R Square. Least variation in Adjusted R Square suggests that the number of observations is sufficient with respect to variables in each group separately. Table : Studies the F-statistics to test the null hypothesis of ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1, H = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1, M = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1, L The F-statistics (Table 6) in each dividend payout group is significant and it determines that each regression model with the given predictors can significantly predict the outcomes at a 0.05 significance level. Table : Shows the parameter estimation for each payout groups with respect to dependent variable, t-statistics is used to test the null hypothesis ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²1 = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²2 = ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 = 0 The coefficient values of predators in High and Low dividend payout groups are all significant at a 0.05 significant level (Table 7), which shows that they have a strong influence on the investment of the firm. Except for Medium dividend payout group, which has insignificant coefficient values of Tobinâ„ ¢ q, showing no impact on the investment. The standard coefficient shows that Cash Flows have a much greater impact on Investment than market value on the firm, which is exemplified through Tobinâ„ ¢ q. Hypothesis Assessment Summary Hypothesis Independent Variables B t Sig. Comments Firms with investment spending that is influenced by cash flow will be associated with high Q values. In fact, the equilibrium level of Q for these firms will be larger than one. (FCF Theory) Cash Flow ÃÆ'Æ’Ã ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Q H0= ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3,H = .135 5.295 .000 Rejected ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,M = .072 .991 .324 ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,L = .140 5.482 .000 Firms indicating a liquidity constraint by not paying dividends will have the most significant cash flow/investment relationship, and will be associated with high Q values in the market. (PO Theory) Cash Flow ÃÆ'Æ’Ã ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬  Q HA= ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ²3 >0 ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,H = .135 5.295 .000 Accepted ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,M = .072 .991 .324 ÃÆ'Ã…Â ½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ² 3,L = .140 5.482 .000 Dependent Variable: Investment Table : Summarizes the results and explains that the hypothesis accepted is directly in correspondence with the aggregate hypothesis. As illustrated (Table 8) capital spending of low payout firms is positively and strongly influenced by the interaction term, consistent with the PO hypothesis, the parameter estimate for the high payout firms are also positive but marginally significant. Conclusion, Discussions, Implications And Future Research Conclusion The results illustrated above demonstrates that the positive relationship between the degree of the CF/I relationship and Q found latter in the aggregate data (Table 3) is concentrated in low or no dividend paying firms. This finding is in further support with the PO hypothesis. Discussions The objective was to study and test the causes of universal relationship between Cash Flow and Investment Spending. Hence, two hypotheses were included in the research to study the source of this relationship: the free cash flow hypothesis (FCF) hypothesis, which works on the assumption that managers prefer investing its free cash flow excessively into investment projects that are not profitable, and the pecking order hypothesis (PO) purports that managers are prone to investment comparatively less than the opportunity provided due asymmetric information-induced liquidity constraint. As advocated in favor of Pecking Order Theory by (Fazzari, Hubbard, Peterson, Blinder, Poterba, 1988) and many others, for groups which consists of small firms with low-dividend payout to fund capital spending, exhibits heavy reliance on cash flow and cash changes. The relationship can be more significantly studied when the impact of larger q value is associated with this group. Evaluating the impact of corporate governance on investment-cash flow relation requires a critical judgment as to how do the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ cash flow and the existing market value influence the investment decision. Financially constraint firms may have a larger impact on liquidity associated matters and managers might take discretion in choosing the right sources to tap. Agency cost may be involved in making such a decision where managers may consider paying dividend as a higher opportunity cost as it reduces the firmsÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ free cash flow to exploit new profitable investment projects. Implications and Recommendations In the current market situation where external pressures existing can also be taken into proxy. When managers making a capital investment decision they need to take in view other non-financial aspects that also influences the decisions to a certain extent. Furthermore, financial intermediaries having a certain level of involvement and sharing information sensitive to the market can also be a major factor that might be giving a varying result against Investment. Investing in profitable-investment projects can bring in greater resources to the firm in future and it entails a huge decision burden upon the shoulders of the managers. Shareholders expecting to earn a greater return through investing in them can also be undermined when manager decided to have a low payout policy. Funds generated internally is a possibility where there is a healthy cash flow, but it is also preferable if this free cash is invested into marketable security for allocating the resources into a profitable venture for a time being to make it a positive impression. Future Research In future studies there may be more aspects of cash flow-investment relationship which can be studied for assessing the degree impact it has on this relationship, i.e. sales, debt performance, capital structure, firm size, etc. The research study may also be improved if the observation of firms are increased that will in turn reflect a more clear picture about the relationship in the current scenario.

How Does Robert Louis Stevenson use literary techniques to illustrate E

How Does Robert Louis Stevenson use literary techniques to illustrate the social, historical and moral points he is trying to make in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde? Throughout the Novella, ‘Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, the author Robert Louis Stevenson uses a wide range of literary techniques in a skilful and sophisticated way to help achieve his effects and put his points across. Stevenson’s unique use of language is vital to the success of the Novella, with the structural and linguistic devices playing a vital part in creating the unusual atmosphere, which makes the Novella so successful. Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde centres upon a conception of humanity as dual in nature, although the theme does not emerge fully until the last chapter, when the complete story of Jekyll – Hyde relationship is revealed. Robert Louis Stevenson had a very strict moral upbringing living in the nineteenth century, where class and social standing were very important in such a rigid system. The fact that he had such a religious background perhaps creates a link between the main moral point of good and evil and his disciplined religious upbringing, the bible teaching the importance of good and evil, and the seven deadly sins. He uses a variety of techniques to put across his views across on many social, historical and moral points. Throughout the novella the author gives the readers an insight into the morality of human nature by using different characters to represent the double standards of society in the Victorian era. The different language used for each of the main characters in the book is used to emphasise the character and their role in the Novella. Utterson, the lawyer, is described in the opening sentence of the book ‘cold, scanty, a... ...t that Stevenson had such a religious background perhaps creates a link between the main moral point of good and evil and his disciplined religious upbringing. This may have influenced him in his writing, (the bible teaching the importance of good and evil, and the seven deadly sins). The Gothic horror has been compared particularly to the detective fiction of Sherlock Holmes, with both works being written in the same period of the Victorian era. It is a testimony to Stevenson’s inventiveness as a writer that this novella has had this independent existence over a hundred years after the first book was published. Because of the uniqueness of the novella and the fact that such a wide range of literary techniques have been used, it is no surprise that, ‘the strange case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde’, is one of the most famous works of horror fiction of all time.

The Consumer Complaint Behavior

The consumer complaint behavior, CCB in short, is an area of research which deals with the identification and analysis of all the aspects involved in the consumer reaction to a product or a service failure and the consequent perceived dissatisfaction. A growing interest for CCB starts appearing toward the middle of the '60s as a particular aspect of a general attention for consumer behaviors and attitudes. Consumer satisfaction, dissatisfaction and consumer complaint behavior, in particular, are three distinct, but highly correlated subjects investigated by marketing and consumer studies.Real marketing problems can be considered at the origin of these studies. The growing competition in the market, the developing consumerism, the importance given to quality, performance and satisfaction, the emphasis given to customers, considered at the Centre of a product or of a service, bring researchers to inquiry about the complex mechanisms which determine customer satisfactions or dissatisfac tion and what are the consequent consumer behaviors.At the same time, as the research is deeply rooted in real life, the findings of the studies are aimed at identifying and suggesting managerial and practical solutions directly applicable to markets or services. As far as CCB research is concerned, the main aspects investigated can be summarized according to the some questions. The proposed list is anything but exhaustive: 1. Why do people complain? 2. Why do people not complain? 3. To whom do people complain? 4. Facing an unsatisfactory product or service, what are the possible reactions available for a customer? . Are there any differences in CCB according to the product or the service investigated? Being a Customer Relationship Manager of a luxurious hotel in Penang I received a mail from Mr. Stanley. He and his family stayed at my hotel last week. He has complained that the quality of food served was not satisfactory, hotel staff very impolite and not helpful and his computer n otebook and some cash was missing from his hotel room. Also he has criticized the hotel staff members that they do not listen to his complaint patiently. Firstly, I will send Mr.Stanley a letter of apologize and tell him about we will take further step even when full resolution is likely to take longer because fast acknowledgment remains very important and this action helps to build rapport with customer, the ? rst step in rebuilding a bruised relationship. In this letter I would not argue with Mr. Stanley and the goal should be to gather facts to reach a mutually acceptable solution, not to win a debate. Arguing gets in the way of listening and seldom diffuses anger. Next, I will show that I understand the problem from his point of view.Seeing situations through his eyes is the only way to understand what he thinks has gone wrong and why he is upset. Service personnel should avoid jumping to conclusions with his interpretations. Besides that, I have to clarify the truth and sort ou t the cause. Mr. Stanley says my hotel staffs are impolite, the food served is not satisfied and hotel members didn’t listen to his complaint, it may result from inefficiency of service, misunderstanding by Mr. Stanley, or the misbehavior of a hotel staff or third party. If I’ve done something wrong, I will apologize immediately. The more Mr.Stanley can forgive me, the less he will expect to be compensated. I would not be defensive because acting defensively may suggest that my hotel has something to hide or is reluctant to explore the situation fully. Furthermore, I will provide Mr. Stanley the bene? t of the doubt because not all customers are truthful and not all complaints are justi? ed. However, he should be treated as though they have a valid complaint until clear evidence to the contrary emerges. Because Mr. Stanley miss some cash money and computer notebook from his hotel room so careful investigation is warranted.Because the amount involved is not small, it ma y be worth haggling over a refund or other compensation. However, it’s still a good idea to check records to see if there is a past history of dubious complaints by the same customer. Propose the steps needed to solve the problem. When instant solutions aren’t possible, I will tell Mr. Stanley how my hotel plans to precede shows that corrective action is being taken. It also sets expectations about the time involved and I should be careful not to overpromise. I have to keep Mr.Stanley informed of progress because nobody likes being left in the dark and it may cause uncertainty breeds anxiety and stress. People tend to be more accepting of disruptions if they know what’s going on and receive periodic progress reports. Moreover, I have to consider compensation. When Mr. Stanley do not receive the service outcomes he believes he has paid for or have suffered serious inconvenience and loss of time and money because the service that hotel provide are failed to delive r to him, I might offer an unconditional money back guarantee and tell Mr.Stanley if at any point during the search process he is unhappy with progress, simply address the fact with us and if we are still not 100 percent satis? ed after that discussion, I will cheerfully and unconditionally refund every cent he has paid as a retainer. No quibble, no hassle, guaranteed period. This type of recovery strategy may also reduce the risk of legal action by an angry customer. Service guarantees often lay out in advance what such compensation will be, and hotel should ensure that all guarantees are met.Whatever is promised in the guarantee must be totally unconditional, and there should not be any element of surprise for the customer. The guarantee has to easy to understand and communicate to Mr. Stanley so that he is clearly aware of the bene? ts that can be gained from the guarantee. Meaningful to Mr. Stanley in that the guarantee is for something important to him and the compensation shou ld be more than adequate to cover the service failure.Guarantee has made must easy to invoke It should be easy for the customer to invoke the guarantee and it also have to easy to collect on because If a service failure occurs, the customer should be able to easily collect on the guarantee without any problems. Lastly, guarantee has to be credible and be believable. Persevere to regain Mr. Stanley goodwill. When Mr. Stanley has been disappointed, one of the biggest challenges is to restore his confidence and preserve the relationship for the future. Perseverance may be required to defuse is anger and to convince him that actions are being taken to avoid a recurrence of the problem.Truly exceptional recovery efforts can be extremely effective in building loyalty and referrals. Also I will check the service delivery system and pursue eminence. Because Mr. Stanley has left, I should check to determine whether the service failure was caused by accidental mistakes or system defects. I ne ed to take advantage of every complaint from Mr. Stanley to perfect the whole service system. Even if the complaint is found to be a result of a misunderstanding by Mr. Stanley, this implies that some part of my communication system is ineffective.But while we discussed the importance of professional complaint handling and service recovery, we have to acknowledge that not all complaints are honest. When ? rms have generous service recovery policies or offer guarantees, there is always the fear that some customers may take advantage. Also, not all complaining customers are right or reasonable in their behavior, and some may actually be the cause of complaints by other customers. We refer to such people as jaycustomers. Every service has its share of jaycustomers. Jaycustomers are undesirable. At best, a ? rm should avoid attracting them in the ? st place, and at worst, a ? rm needs to control or prevent their abusive behavior. Let us ? rst describe the main types of jaycustomers befo re we discuss how to deal with them. De? ning a problem is the ? rst step in resolving it, so let’s start by considering the different types of jaycustomers. I’ve identi? ed seven broad categories. The Cheat – There are many ways in which customers can cheat service ? rms. Cheating ranges from writing compensation letters with the sole purpose of exploiting service recovery policies and cheating on service guarantees, to in? ating or faking insurance claims and â€Å"ward robing†.The Thief – Those customers who always wishes to payless or not to pay, these may be like travelling in public transport freely, or not paying restaurant bills and others – firms to be prevented from such customers use many tips because if company is not taking actions against such people; other customers would also have intentions to behave in such manners. The Rulebreaker – Those customers who don’t obey rules of company or country like breaking traf fic rules – even though it costs them sometimes a lot but they do because they feel pleasure in behaving such manners†¦.Company should ensure that rules are to be followed. The Belligerent – Expresses resentment, use to abuse employees verbally or even physically. It causes demotivation of employees if company doesn't react upon such customers because for everyone in this world SELF RESPECT is most important thing, Guards/Security are their best solutions, Company should also guide their Front line staff to deal with such uncertain circumstances†¦ The Family Feuders – Customers who gets in detailed arguments with other customers about company of any kind.The Vandal – Those customers who always makes hurdle for company like pouring water in ATM, writing on walls, in cybercafes deleting windows files or other software. The Deadbeat – These are not like thief but close to them, these are those who pays the amount but after creating such prob lems for company, like I’ll pay tomorrow, they know that they have to pay but they try to delay as much as they can. Encouraging customer feedback provides an important means of increasing customer satisfaction and retention.It is an opportunity to get into the hearts and minds of the customer. In all but the worst instances, complaining customers are indicating that they want to continue their relationship with the firm, but they are also indicating that all is not well and that they expect the company to make things right. Here, service firms need to develop effective strategies to recover from service failures so they can maintain customer goodwill. That is vital for the long-term success of the company.Having professional and generous service recovery systems does not mean â€Å"the customer is always right† and that the ? rm is open to customer abuse. Rather, it is important for the bene? t of all too effectively deal with jaycustomers. (1782 words) References www . google. com www. wikipidea. org http://deni9ek. blogstudent. mb. ipb. ac. id/files/2011/12/CHAPTER-13-CASE-3. pdf http://www. scribd. com/doc/51888732/Services-Marketing-Lovelock-Wirtz-Chaterjee-Ch-13

Polytheism - 2057 Words

Polytheism Reproduced, with permission, from THE FUTURIST, Published by the World Future Society, 7910 Woodmont Avenue, Suite 450, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Toward the end of the nineteenth century, the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche wrote a fictional account of a madman who went about the town proclaiming that God is dead. Nietzsches story is illustrative of a wave of atheism that spread through the intellectual circles of Europe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, but that never caught on in society at large. The idea of the divine demise, however, did not die: A movement by theologians resurrected Nietzsches thesis in the 1960s, amidst the other forms of radical thinking that characterized that decade.†¦show more content†¦MONOTHEISMS THREE-PRONGED PROBLEM Monotheism also contains another essential problem--one with implications for the future. The Western God of the Jewish-Christian-Islamic tradition illustrates the core difficulty in monotheism, a philosop hical conundrum that has been called the theodicy problem. It is formulated as a trilemma and can best be illustrated this way: Among the following three statements, it is logically possible to reconcile any two of them, but the agreement of two implies that the third is false. The three statements are: 1. God is omnipotent. 2. God loves us. 3. Evil exists. In the first instance, if God can do anything (create the universe, for example), and if the universe contains natural and moral evils (hurricanes and Hitlers, for example), then it would seem that God lacks compassion for the victims, especially when these victims are innocent sufferers. Dostoyevskys character Ivan in The Brothers Karamazov makes this case eloquently when he tells the story of innocent children tortured by cruel soldiers in front of their parents. How could a loving God allow this? The second case is the acceptance of a loving, concerned God and the existence of evil in the world. This implies that even God cann ot find a way to eliminate evil, or at least reserve it as punishment only for those who deserve it. A God who cannot do this is less than omnipotent. Finally, one canShow MoreRelatedEssay Monotheism vs. Polytheism1577 Words   |  7 PagesMonotheism and polytheism are two very different belief systems. Monotheism is the belief in one god and polytheism is the belief in more one than one god. The concept of morality can and does exist within cultures that have only one god, as well as cultures that have multiple gods. Without morality, the world would be a place of extreme chaos and pandemonium. However, the foundation for morality within polytheistic religions is quite contradictory to the foundation for morality with monotheisticRead MoreThe Search For God, Ancient Egypt, By Jan Assmann1016 Words   |  5 PagesPresence and Transcendence† establishes the topic of this book, summarizing the theme of ‘divine presence’ and the concept of a single god and mult iple gods (essentially monotheism vs polytheism). Divided into 2 main parts, the first, aptly named â€Å"The Dimensions of Divine Presence: The Implicit Theology of Egyptian Polytheism†, mainly revolves around implicit theology and what Assmann considers to the be the three dimensions of Egyptian religion: the local and cultic dimension, the dimension of cosmosRead MoreChristianity, And World View Of The World1568 Words   |  7 Pageshumans are equal before him and will be judged by him. As such the notion of equality (of believers at least) is one of the fundamental aspects of monotheism. Monotheism brings absolute rules that are applicable to all everywhere (as opposed to polytheism). There are a few monotheistic religions in existence, the most influential of them are Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The largest of them in terms of followers is Christianity and its core book is the Bible. This book, the Bible is dividedRead MoreIslam2081 Words   |  9 Pagesinanimate (spiritless) objects such as rocks, can have souls. Often these entities must be placated by offerings in order to gain favours, or even worshipped. Animism in this sense contrasts with polytheism (the worship of various gods), in that animistic worship is of minor, local deities, whereas polytheism is the worship of major deities. Belief in souls Sir E. B. Tylor used the term animism to mean simply a belief in souls. He did not restrict the term animism to religions that attributeRead MoreReligion is a institution that is or is not fixed and can exist independently from a constituents800 Words   |  4 Pagesand what happens when I die(Lundskow 2008)? 2. Polytheism was the first type of religion that had been recorded in western civilizations history and even came before any prominent monotheistic religions. Polytheism eventually fell out fashion and was replaced with the more centralized influential form of religion, monotheism. The old forms polytheistic ideals were forbidden by the newer monotheistic forms of religions and were demonized. Polytheism had continuous societal patterns in the celebrationsRead MoreReligious Traditions and History Essays1587 Words   |  7 Pagesphilosophical disciplines such as Confucianism. Religion and science will be examined. It seems that there was a big change in the West around the 16th century. The East didn’t embrace this philosophy. The Beginnings of Religion Polytheism, the belief in many gods, is perhaps the oldest known religion. The best known example is the Greek/Roman mythology, which included Zeus, Apollo, and Aphrodite, among others. One trait that is true of most Polytheistic sects is that there is aRead MoreElements of Religious Traditions785 Words   |  4 Pagessacred. Monotheism meaning one God relates to religions like Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Polytheism meaning many gods relate to religions like Hinduism, Zen Buddhism and, many religions of ancient civilizations. Pantheism which, is drawn from Polytheism means all of nature. God is everything and everything is God. The concept of being or existence is how these religions see their Gods. Most Polytheism beliefs are that their gods come in the form an actually being such as calves, people, statuesRead MoreAncient Polytheistic Religion Compared to Judaism Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesAncient polytheistic religion compared to Judaism Ancient polytheistic and Judaism are two of the most opposite beliefs possible. Polytheistic belief is the belief in more than just one god. Polytheism was brought to this world by the ancient Egyptians and the ancient Greeks. The Greek gods often took on the form of being humans while the Egyptian gods were the main cornerstone to their beliefs and religion. Judaism or the belief of Monotheism is the belief in one main god. MonotheismRead MoreHow Monotheism As A Type Of Religion973 Words   |  4 Pagesthe pathway to monotheism which begins by humans feeling a spiritual force (mana) and evolves into visualizing that force in physical spirits (animism). As time goes on, the evolution of those spirits as they grow stronger turns them into gods (polytheism) and eventually humans will elevate one god over the others while still acknowledging multiple gods (henotheism). As humans become more enlightened, they come to realize that there is only one true God (monotheism). Original Monotheism The theoryRead MoreWhat Is Monotheism, And Where Did This Idea Come From?1751 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstand better the history of Monotheism, and what it had to do with the Old Testament. Before entering into the history of Monotheism, here is some terminology to help navigate our way forward. Some other words that might be referenced are â€Å"Polytheism†, which is the belief in many Gods, â€Å"Atheism† which is the belief that there is no God, and â€Å"Henotheism† a belief in a particular God, without negating the others of being gods as well.2 Our focus will be sifting through the history, belief of Monotheism